Logic & Critical Thinking

Text Book : –

“Introduction to Logic” by Irven M. Copi
“A concise Introduction to Logic” by Patrick J. Hurley

Course Description : –

The Introduction to Logic, written by Copi, Cohen & McMahon, is dedicated to the many thousands of students and their teachers – at hundreds of universities in the United States and around the world – who have used its fundamental methods and techniques of correct reasoning in their everyday lives.

  • Basic Logical Concepts .
    • 1.1: Definition of Logic .
    • 1.2: Logic as a Science and Art .
    • 1.3: The scope of Logic .
    • 1.4: Proposition, Arguments .
    • 1.5: Conclusion-indicators and Premise-indicators .
    • 1.6: The Laws of Thought .
    • 1.7: Characteristics of Induction and Deduction .
  • The Uses of Language .
    • 2.1: The basic user of language .
    • 2.2: Discourse serving multiple functions .
    • 2.3: The forms of discourse .
    • 2.4: Kinds of agreement and disagreement .
  • Fallacies .
    • 3.1: The classification of Fallacies .
    • 3.2: Fallacy of Relevance .
    • 3.3: Fallacy of Ambiguity .
  • Categorical Propositions .
    • 4.1: The theory of Deduction .
    • 4.2: Classes and Categorical Propositions .
    • 4.3: The four kinds of Categorical Proposition .
    • 4.4: Quality, Quantity and Distribution .
    • 4.5: The traditional square of opposition .
    • 4.6: Obversion, Contraposition .
    • 4.7: Symbolism and Diagrams of Categorical Proposition .
  • Categorical Syllogism .
    • 5.1: Standard form of Categorical Syllogism .
    • 5.2: The formal nature of Syllogistic arguments .
    • 5.3: Venn diagram technique for testing Syllogism .
    • 5.4: Syllogistic Rules and Fallacies .
    • 5.5: Exposition of the 15 Valid forms of Categorical Syllogism .
  • Syllogism in ordinary Language .
    • 6.1: Syllogistic Arguments .
    • 6.2: Dilemma .
    • 6.3: Disjunctive and Hypothetical Syllogism .
  • Symbolic Logic .
    • 7.1: Modern Logic and Symbolic Language .
    • 7.2: The symbols for Conjunction, Negation, and Disjunction .
    • 7.3: The precise meaning of Valid and Invalid .
    • 7.4: Testing arguments on Truth Table .
  • Science and Hypothesis .
    • 8.1: Hypothesis .
    • 8.2: Scientific explanation and Unscientific explanation .